Maintenance Methods for the Hydraulic System of Dump Trucks
1. Daily Inspection and Cleaning
- Before operation, it is necessary to check whether the hydraulic pipelines and joints are leaking. If oil stains are found, tighten them immediately or replace the seals to prevent insufficient pressure caused by hydraulic oil loss.
- Regularly clean the fuel tank vent and filter screen to avoid the entry of dust and impurities. For example, the hydraulic filter of XCMG electric dump trucks is recommended to be disassembled and cleaned every 500 hours. If it is damaged, it must be replaced in time to prevent pollutants from damaging the hydraulic pump.
- Check whether there are scratches or deformations on the surface of the piston rod. If there is wear, apply special protective grease to prevent rust from affecting the sealing effect.
2. Hydraulic Oil Management
- Select suitable hydraulic oil according to the vehicle manual. Mining trucks often use anti-wear type, and anti-freezing type should be used in low-temperature areas. SANY new energy dump trucks are recommended to change the hydraulic oil every 2000 hours, and replace the filter element at the same time.
- Regularly check the oil level and oil quality. If the oil level is low, add it in time. If the oil is turbid, emulsified or contains metal debris, it is necessary to completely change the oil and clean the fuel tank.
- Use a special filtering device when refueling to avoid mixing impurities by direct pouring. After refueling, run the system for 5-10 minutes to discharge the air in the pipeline.
3. Component Maintenance and Debugging
- Hydraulic pump and motor: Listen to the running sound every 1000 hours. Abnormal noise may be caused by bearing wear or gear meshing problems, which need to be repaired in time. For the hydraulic pump of Chenglong dump trucks, regularly check the drive shaft connection to prevent power transmission failure due to loosening.
- Lifting cylinder: Check the fit clearance between the cylinder barrel and the piston every week. If the lifting becomes slow or stuck, it may be due to aging of the seals, and high-pressure resistant oil seals need to be replaced. It is recommended that the hydraulic cylinder of Zoomlion mining trucks undergo a pressure test every 3000 hours to ensure no leakage under rated pressure.
- Control valve: Regularly clean the spool of the reversing valve to prevent jamming. During debugging, ensure that the lifting and lowering actions are stable without impact.
4. Usage and Environmental Protection
- It is strictly forbidden to overload to prevent the system from operating under high pressure for a long time. For example, if a 75-ton truck is frequently overloaded to 90 tons, the service life of the pump body and oil cylinder will be shortened by half.
- When unloading, the vehicle must be parked on a flat ground. It is forbidden to lift the cargo compartment on an inclined road to avoid uneven force on the hydraulic system.
- In high-temperature environments (such as Saudi mining areas), check the heat dissipation device to ensure that the hydraulic oil temperature does not exceed 80°C; before starting in low-temperature environments, idle the engine first to allow the oil to warm up to above 15°C before operation.
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